Benjamin Franklin
Born 1706 A.D., Died 1790 A.D.
Copper 1 cent, 28 mm.
O: Sun Dial, Sun above, "FUGIO" to the left (Latin phrase with the
intended meaning "time flies"), 1787 to the right, inscription
"MIND YOUR BUSINESS" below.
R: 13 links of chain symbolizing the thirteen colonies, small circle
centrally upon which "UNITED STATES" is written, "WE ARE
ONE" within the circle.
These "FUGIO" cents represent the first coins issued by the authority
of the United States, minted in New Haven, CT, and possibly elsewhere. It
is believed that Benjamin Franklin provided the designs and inscriptions for
this coin; hence, they are also known as "Franklin" cents.
Benjamin Franklin spent his early years as journalist and publisher in
Philadelphia. He began to print "Poor Richard's Almanac" in
1732, and the wisdom and advice which it contained (including "Early to
bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise") brought him
recognition and prosperity. In colonial times, he held office in
the Pennsylvania legislature and became Deputy-Postmaster General for the
colonies. In 1748 he began his research into electricity, proving that
lightning and electricity are identical, and suggesting that buildings be
protected by lightning-conductors. He also invented a form of fireplace
eventually known as a "Franklin Stove". In 1776, he was
actively involved in the framing of the Declaration of Independence.
During the Revolutionary War, he was the first US Minister in Paris and gained
critical French aid. A skilled negotiator, he successfully won Britain's
recognition of US independence in 1783. He served as President of the State
of Pennsylvania, and a member of the Constitutional Convention.